Error "Named Pipes Provider: Could not open a connection to SQL Server" Publishing to Tableau Cloud

Issue

When publishing a workbook that contains an MS SQL Server data source to Tableau Cloud, or opening a workbook containing an MS SQL Server data source published to Tableau Cloud, the following error might occur:

DataSourceException (type=UnableToConnect): [Microsoft][SQL Server Native Client 11.0]Named Pipes Provider: Could not open a connection to SQL Server

Environment

Tableau Cloud
MS SQL Server

Resolution

If the database is on-premises and not web hosted: Push data updates using extracts and Tableau Bridge (formerly Sync Client).
If the MS SQL database is hosted on Amazon AWS (RDS) or Microsoft Azure: Ensure that the connection contains embedded credentials and that the IP address is allowlisted. For more information, see Keep Data Fresh in the Tableau Knowledge Base.

Cause

The workbook contains a live connection to the underlying MS SQL Server database which Tableau Cloud cannot access because it does not have the appropriate provisions to connect to databases not hosted on a supported web service.