Answer

Variation 1: Hard-coding a dimension value

1. Select Analysis > Create Calculated Field
2. In the Calculated Field dialog box that opens, do the following, and then click OK:
   1. Name the calculated field. In this example, the calculated field is named "Sales Label (variation 1)"
   2. In the formula field, create a calculation similar to the following:
      
      IF DATEPART('year', [Order Date]) = 2019
      THEN [Sales]
      END
      
      The above calculation will return the measure [Sales] if the [Order Date] is in the year 2019. Otherwise the calculation will return NULL. An "ELSE 0" could be added before the "END" to return zero instead of NULL.
      
      Other conditions could be used such as [Order Date] = #1/1/2019# to filter to a specifc date, or [Segment] = "Consumer" to filter to a specifc text value. The important part is to make sure the value after the equal sign is the same type of data as the dimension.
3. Replace [Sales] on Label with [Sales Label (variation 1)]

Variation 2: Use parameters

1. Select Analysis > Create Calculated Field
2. In the Calculated Field dialog box that opens, do the following, and then click OK:
   1. Name the calculated field. In this example, the calculated field is named "Year of Order Date"
   2. In the formula field, create a calculation similar to the following:
      
      DATEPART('year', [Order Date])
      
      Steps 1 & 2 create a field that contains only the year date part of [Order Date] as an integer value. The [Year of Order Date] field makes it easier to create a parameter, but otherwise is not necessary
3. In the data pane, right-click the [Year of Order Date] field and select Create > Parameter…
4. In the Create Parameter dialog box do the following and click OK
   1. In the Name text box, type a name. In this example I will call the parameter "Select a year"
   2. Under Properties, in the Data type list, select integer
   3. Under Allowable values, select List
   4. In the Display Format dropdown, select Number (custom) and set the format to 0 decimal places and uncheck include thousands separators
   • Starting in Tableau Desktop 2020.1 parameters can pull list values from a field in the data source by selecting a field in the When workbook opens dropdown.
5. Right-click [Select a year] in the data pane and select Show Parameter Control
6. Create a calculated field with a name like "Sales Label (variation 2)" with a calculation similar to the following:
   
   IF DATEPART('year', [Order Date]) = [Parameters].[Select a year]
   THEN [Sales]
   END
   
   Note: The syntax "[Parameters]." is automatically added when a parameter has the same name as another field in the data source.
7. Replace [Sales] on Label with [Sales Label (variation 2)]

Variation 3: Use set controls

1. Select Analysis > Create Calculated Field
2. In the Calculated Field dialog box that opens, do the following, and then click OK:
   1. Name the calculated field. In this example, the calculated field is named "Year of Order Date"
   2. In the formula field, create a calculation similar to the following:
      
      DATEPART('year', [Order Date])
3. Right-click [Year of Order Date] and select Convert to Dimension
   
   Steps 1-3 create a dimension that contains only the year date part of [Order Date] as an integer value. The [Year of Order Date] field is required to make a set of years because sets must be built off of fields in the data source.
4. In the data pane, right-click the [Year of Order Date] field and select Create > Set…
5. Give the set a name and click OK. In this example, the set is named "Select a year"
6. Create a calculated field with a name like "Sales Label (variation 3)" with a calculation similar to the following:
   
   IF [Select a year]
   THEN [Sales]
   END
   
   The above calculation will return the measure [Sales] if the [Order Date] is in a user selected year. Otherwise the calculation will return NULL. An "ELSE 0" could be added before the "END" to return zero instead of NULL.
   
   Sets are Boolean fields that return either TRUE or FALSE. Therefore the set by itself is the entire condition.
7. Replace [Sales] on Label with [Sales Label (variation 3)]
8. Right-click the set [Select a year] in the data pane and check Show Set

Additional Information

Parameters versus Sets

• Parameters can only hold a single value, whereas set controls allow for multi-select.
• Parameters can hold any arbitrary values, whereas sets are always tied to a field in the data source. Although those field values can be re-aliased.
• Parameters can be used to filter across data sources that have no relationship. See Filtering Across Multiple Data Sources Using a Parameter Sets can only filter across data sources when there is a relationship set up between data sources. See Filter Data Across Multiple Data Sources
• Parameters can be used in dashboard text objects or titles, whereas sets (or calculated fields using sets) can only be used in worksheets elements because sets are part of the data source.
• Sets will always update when new data is brought into the data source. Parameters can be set up to bring in new data. See step 5 in Create Parameters